Faculty mentors in this research area lead a neuroscience and neuroengineering cluster that is focused on new devices for interrogating the central nervous system electrically and understanding signal processing. Faculty mentors work on signal processing, information processing, and their neuroengineering applications, with foci on real-time closed-loop stabilization of neuronal systems to mitigate health disorders. These faculty have been pioneers in the design and fabrication of optically responsive nanostructures, nanophotonics, and plasmonics. Data Science is also synergistic with bioelectronics, because new miniature devices will produce new types of big data.